Research has found that when chronic smokers are deprived of cigarettes for 24 hours, they display increased levels of anger, hostility and aggression, and are less inclined towards social cooperation. Tobacco users suffering from withdrawal also take longer to regain emotional equilibrium following a stressful experience. During periods of abstinence and/or craving, smokers tend to show decreased motor activity and concentration, and loss of interest in work.

Last modified: Thursday, 17 July 2014, 12:13 AM