Non-Communicable Diseases, Emergency Care and Mental Health Part 2
Topic outline
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Introduction to Mental Health
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Mental health as a public health priority
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Mental illness is common
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The burden of mental illness
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No health without mental health
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Mental health and poverty
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Stigma, discrimination and abuse
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The biopsychosocial model
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Explanatory models and cultural context
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The treatment gap
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Mental healthcare and the Health Service
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Assessing a Person with Mental Illness
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How common are mental health problems?
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The severity of mental illnesses
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Priority mental health disorders
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When to suspect a mental health problem
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Common symptoms of severe mental illness
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What to look out for in a person with SMI
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Assessing the general risks from mental illness
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The main risks in mental illness
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Assessing the risk of suicide and self-harm
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Questions to ask someone who has self-harmed
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Asking about possible suicide when someone has a mental illness
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General Management Principles in Mental Health Care
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General approaches to people with mental health problems
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Listening with interest
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Acceptance people’s beliefs
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Interest in individuals
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Encouraging emotional expression
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Reassurance
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Non-judgemental attitude
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Maintain confidentiality
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Management of people with mental illness
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Identification of people with mental illness in the community
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Care of people with emergency mental health conditions
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Follow-up
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When Somebody has Low Mood or Depression
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What depression is and why it is important
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How to assess a person with depression
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What causes depression?
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Grief and depression
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Mood disorders in the postnatal period
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What can you do when you suspect someone has depression?
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Determining how bad the depression is
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What you do next
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What you should know about medication
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What you should know about the course of depression
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What you should tell a person with depression
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Exploring why the person might have become unwell
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What happens after you refer the person
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Be prepared to discuss whatever questions the person may have
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Psychoses
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What are psychoses?
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The effects of psychosis
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Classification of psychoses
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Acute psychoses
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Signs and symptoms of acute psychoses
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Chronic psychoses
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Signs and symptoms of chronic psychoses
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Recurrent psychoses
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Signs and symptoms of recurrent psychoses
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Organic psychoses
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Signs and symptoms of acute organic psychoses
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Signs and symptoms of chronic organic psychoses
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Early recognition and identification of psychoses
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The management of psychoses
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Management of acute psychoses
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Management of chronic psychoses
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Management of recurrent psychoses
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Management of organic psychoses
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Management algorithm
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Substance use problems
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Why do people initiate substance use?
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How substances affect the brain
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Alcohol use
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Immediate effects of alcohol use
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Long-term complications of alcohol use
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Withdrawal effects of alcohol use
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Identification of people with drinking problems
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Management of people with alcohol-related problems
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When you should refer a person
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Other advice you can give your local community
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Tobacco use problems
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Immediate effects of tobacco use
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Long-term effects of tobacco use
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Withdrawal effects of tobacco
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Khat abuse
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Immediate effects of khat use
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Long-term effects of khat use
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Withdrawal effects of khat use
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Cannabis (hashish or marijuana)
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Immediate effects of cannabis
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Long-term effects of cannabis
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Withdrawal symptoms of cannabis
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Identification of people with tobacco, khat or cannabis use problems
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Management of people with cigarette, khat and cannabis use problems
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When to refer for these substances
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Mental Health Problems in Daily Life
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Physical complaints without an identifiable medical cause
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Anxiety disorders: worries that seem too much
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Difficulty with sleep
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Violence, accidents and mental health
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Mental health problems due to life-threatening violence or accidents
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Intimate partner (‘domestic’) violence
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When Children Have Problems
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When children develop normally
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A child who develops slowly
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What causes intellectual disability?
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What can you do when you suspect ID?
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Educating parents
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Sexual adjustment
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Preventing ID
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Enuresis
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How common is enuresis and what is its impact?
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What causes enuresis?
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Treatment of enuresis
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Child abuse
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What do you do if you suspect child abuse?
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Other childhood problems
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Prevention and Promotion Activities for Mental Health
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Raising awareness about mental health
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What are we trying to achieve?
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Mental health promotion and primary prevention
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Promoting a happy, healthy childhood
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Reducing exposure to violence
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Reducing alcohol and khat use
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Coping with life's problems
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Secondary prevention: screening and early treatment
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Screening for specific mental illnesses
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Getting early treatment for mental illness
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Suicide prevention
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Tertiary prevention: reducing the negative impact of mental illness
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Nutrition and physical health
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Helping people who are restrained
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Living a normal life
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An awareness-raising meeting in the community
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Who needs to know?
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How do I raise awareness within the community?
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Disability and Community Rehabilitation
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Models of disability
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The charity model
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The medical model
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The social model
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The human rights model
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Types of impairments
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Mobility and physical impairments
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Sensory impairments
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Intellectual impairments
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Multiple impairments
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Appropriate and acceptable language
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Appropriate and inappropriate terms
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Communication with people who have impairments
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Myths and facts about disability
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Situation of disability in developing countries
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The twin- track approach
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Mainstream programmes and services
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Disability-specific programmes and services
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UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities