Health programmes and health education

Many health programmes are innovative community-based programmes. As a health professional you will be expected to help address the health problems of your community. All your efforts on health promotion and disease prevention activities should include the full participation and involvement of your community members. Health education is an important tool that helps you to implement all community-based packages.

A health programme focuses mainly on prevention and community-based health promotion activities. Preventive activities are usually considered in the levels:

• Primary prevention includes those measures that prevent the onset of illness before the disease process begins. Immunization against infectious disease is a good example.
• Secondary prevention includes those measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease. Breast self-examination is a good example of secondary prevention.
• Tertiary prevention involves the rehabilitation of people who have already been affected by a disease, or activities to prevent an established disease from becoming worse.

At the primary prevention level your health education activities will focus on changing behaviour by raising awareness of the risk factors that predispose your community members to future health problems. For example, imagine that you distribute insecticide treated bed nets (ITN) to prevent the pregnant mothers in your area getting infected with malaria. This is primary prevention because you are preventing exposure to malaria. Your role as health professional is to use health education to create awareness among the pregnant women on how and why to use ITN. Health education also includes secondary prevention methods such as early diagnosis and treatment and extends to tertiary prevention such as rehabilitation.