Introduction

You have learnt the pharmacology of local anesthetics and relevant anatomy for spinal anesthesia in session VI & VII respectively which are important input for management of spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia involves the use of small amounts of local anesthetic injected into the subarachnoid space to produce a reversible loss of sensation and motor function. Spinal anesthesia provides excellent operating conditions for surgical procedures below the umbilicus such as obstetric/gynecologic procedures of the uterus and perineum, hernia repairs, genitourinary procedures, orthopedic procedures from the hip down. In this session you will learn to adopt the necessary knowledge, appropriate skill and right attitude in applying standard spinal anesthesia techniques and methods to overcome technical problems.