Summary

In study session VII you have learnt

• In anesthesia as in most area of medicine and surgery, you will need at least as much knowledge and skill to make the right choice of anesthetic technique you will have to implement.
• The best anesthetic in any given situation depends on your training and experience, the range of equipment and drugs available and the clinical situation.
• When choosing and planning your anaesthesia technique you should consider : training and experience of the anesthetist and surgeon, availability of drugs and equipment , medical condition of the patient, time available , emergency or elective procedure , presence of full stomach and patient's preference
• For minor emergency operations (for example the suture of a wound or manipulation of an arm fracture), when the patient probably has a full stomach, conduction (regional) anaesthesia is probably the wisest choice.
• For major head and neck, upper abdominal, intrathoracic, ENT operations and endoscopic procedures the suitable anesthetic technique will be general anesthesia.
• For lower abdominal, groin, perineum and lower limb operations you can use general tracheal or spinal or nervous or field block or combined general and conduction.
• For upper limb operations, you might use general tracheal or nerve block or intravenous regional anesthesia.
• For general anesthesia, tracheal intubation should be routine, unless there is a specific reason to avoid it.
• Tracheal intubation is the most basics of anesthetic skills, and you should be able to do it confidently whenever necessary.
• Anesthesia risks can be minimized by careful assessment of the patient, thoughtful planning of the anesthetic technique, and skillful performance by the anesthetist.
• Your entire anesthesia plan should be properly documented in the permanent client document. This will serve as an evidence document and for reporting your plan accordingly.
• Stress is a condition in which the human system responds to change in its normal balance state. It is the collective physiological and emotional responses to any stimulus that disturbs an individual homeostasis.
• Stressors: A stressor may be defined as an internal or external event or situation that creates the potential for physiologic, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral changes in an individual
• Stressors exist in many forms and categories. They may be described as physical, physiologic, or psychosocial
• When stress occurs a person uses physiological and psychological energy to respond and adapt
• There are two types physiological responses to stress. These are local and general adaptation syndromes
• Stress management is directed toward reducing and controlling stress and improving coping