Summary
In study session VI you have learnt
- The two kidneys lie on the posterior wall of the abdomen, outside the peritoneal cavity
- Each kidney consists of about one million nephrons
- Blood flow to the two kidneys is normally about 22 per cent of the cardiac output, or 1100 ml/min.
- The composition of the various fluids differs with the requirements of each compartment
- Cell membranes are permeable to water and there is a continual flux of fluid among the different body compartments
- Te renal circulation is unique in that it has two capillary beds, the glomerular and peritubular capillaries.
- The afferent and efferent renal arterioles have sympathetic innervations from T4 to L2.
- Urine is formed as a result of a three phase process.
- In order to keep the renal blood flow and GFR relatively constant hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus has to be kept fairly constant
- Renin is an enzyme which converts the plasma protein angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
- Reabsorption is by either active or passive transport.
- The distal tubule participates both qualitatively and quantitatively in acid-base control.
- Renin increases the production of angiotensin II which is released when there is a fall in intravascular volume.
- During evaluation: Ask about pattern of urine out put ( color ,consistency ,frequency, urgency, pain or burning upon urination and changes in urine color , blood ,
- In physical examination See for orbital and pre tibia edema and Costo-Vertebral Angle- tenderness
- Order urine analysis, renal function test and if patient is on diuretics or decreased urine output add electrolytes and communicate or consult physician accordingly.
Last modified: Wednesday, 16 November 2016, 12:44 PM