Introduction

In the previous session V you have learnt about focused physical assessment of the central nervous system with relevant physiology. In this study session you will address focused physical assessment of renal system with relevant physiology.

The maintenance of a relatively constant volume and a stable composition of the body fluids is essential for homeostasis. This regulation is mainly performed by the kidney with other regulatory system. Stress of surgery and anesthesia may affect the normal function of the renal system and body fluids and electrolytes. To manage anesthesia for a patient with renal diseases as well as treating volume abnormality perioperatively physiology of renal system and body fluid are essentials. In this session you will learn the normal physiology of renal system and components, distribution and regulation of body fluid. This will enable you to understand the renal control in the maintenance internal environment, despite a varying fluid and solute intake by the organism as a whole.