Summary

In this study session you have learned that:

1. Diabetes is a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is poorly regulated; it is often too high, but may also fall too low.
2. Becoming very thirsty, drinking a lot and producing large amounts of urine are symptoms of diabetes; sugar in the urine is a diagnostic sign.
3. Insulin and glucagon are hormones produced by cells in the pancreas, with opposite actions, which regulate blood glucose levels within a narrow range.
4. Foods are broken down in the digestive system, and nutrients, including glucose, are absorbed into the blood and transported around the body; glucose is used as a fuel for cellular activity.
5. Excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver, muscles and body fat; it is released back into the blood if glucose levels begin to fall.
6. Diabetes is classified as Type 1 (insulin-dependent), Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) and gestational (pregnancy-induced) diabetes.
7. Family history of diabetes, being overweight and lack of exercise are among the main risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.
8. Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated using a chart in which weight and height are used to determine whether a person is a healthy weight for their height. A high BMI is a risk factor for diabetes.
9. A person with diabetes should be advised to take their medicine regularly, attend follow-up medical examinations, actively participate in learning about self-care, maintain a healthy diet, and engage in regular physical exercise.