Classification of faeco-oral diseases and their infectious agents
Faeco-oral diseases can be caused by a wide range of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa (single-celled parasites) and helminths (parasitic worms). All human parasites, whether they are single-celled or many-celled, live inside the human body: some are harmless, but others cause disease. In this study session, we are concerned with infectious agents which are transmitted via the faeco-oral route.
Can you think of a viral disease that you learned about in Part 1 of this Module, which is transmitted faeco-orally?
Poliomyelitis (polio) is a viral faeco-orally transmitted disease, which was described in detail in Study Session 4.
You already know about polio, which has become rare in Ethiopia thanks to the immunization programme, so we will not discuss it again here. Table 32.1 lists the common faeco-oral diseases and where they are described in detail later in this Module. You may already know about some of them from your own experience in your community.
Table 32.1 Common faeco-orally transmitted diseases in Ethiopia and their causal infectious agents.
| Faeco-oral disease | Infectious agent | Study Session |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria: | ||
| Cholera | Vibrio cholerae | 33 |
| Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) | Shigella species | 33 |
| Typhoid fever | Salmonella typhii | 33 |
| Viruses: | ||
| Viral diarrhoeal diseases | Rotavirus (most cases) | 33 |
| Amoebiasis (Amoebiasis is pronounced 'am-mee-bya-sis') (amoebic dysentery) | Entamoeba hystolica | 34 |
| Giardiasis (giardiasis is 'jee-arr-dya-sis') | Giardia intestinalis | 34 |
| Helminths: | ||
| Ascariasis (ascariasis is 'ass-kar-rya-sis') | Ascaris lumbricoides | 34 |
| Hookworm | Necator americanus or Ankylostoma duodenalis | 34 |
| Taeniasis (taeniasis is 'tee-nya-sis') m(tapeworm) | Taenia saginata (most cases) | 38 |