Management of TB in HIV-infected children

Children with TB should be screened for HIV; likewise, HIV-positive children should also be investigated for TB. International guidelines recommend that TB in HIV-infected children should be treated using a six-month drug regimen similar to that used for HIV-negative children; however rifampicin should be given for the entire duration of treatment. It has been found in HIV-infected adults that higher relapse rates occur when ethambutol is used in the continuation phase.