Summary

In this Study Session, you have learned that:

• Diabetes is a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is poorly regulated; as a result, high blood glucose level occurs.
• Becoming very thirsty, drinking a lot and producing large amounts of urine as well as eating much frequently are symptoms of diabetes; sugar in the urine is a diagnostic sign.
• Insulin and glucagon are hormones produced by cells in the pancreas, with opposite actions, which regulate blood glucose levels within a narrow range.
• Foods are broken down into the digestive system, and nutrients, including glucose, are absorbed into the blood and transported around the body; glucose is used as a fuel for cellular activity.
• Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver, muscles and body fat; it is released back into the blood if glucose levels begin to fall.
• Diabetes is classified as Type 1 (insulin-dependent), Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) and gestational (pregnancy-induced) diabetes.
• Family history of diabetes, being overweight, and lack of exercise are among the main risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.
• Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated using a chart in which weight and height are used to determine whether a person has a healthy weight for their height. A high BMI is a risk factor for diabetes.
• A person with diabetes should be advised to take their medicine regularly, attend follow-up medical examinations, actively participate in learning about self-care, maintain a healthy diet, and engage in regular physical exercise.