Feeding of pregnant women

During pregnancy, there is a physiologic change because of the conception. In the intra-uterine life, to grow properly, the fetus needs a healthy and well-nourished mother. Therefore, a mother needs an additional diet to nourish her unborn child. Energy, protein, essential fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamins B groups (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, and folate), calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and iodine are the nutrients demanded in extra amount.

Even though these are the nutrients needed in an additional amount, women's nutrition during pregnancy and lactation should majorly focus on the three micronutrients (vitamin A, iron and iodine) and extra energy intake and reduction of energy expenditure. The strategy of essential nutrition actions /ENA/ discussed in study session 2 of this module should be implemented related to maternal nutrition

As the unborn child grow, the mother gains weight. Women who do not gain enough weight often have babies that weigh too little (low birth weight). A baby weighing less than 2.5 kg has an increased chance of both physical and mental health problems. Women should gain at least 11 kg during pregnancy. If the mother gains less than this, the baby's chances of survival and health decline. If a mother is overweight, she still needs to gain for her baby's health. She should not try to lose weight while she is pregnant.