Self-Assessment Questions
Now that you have completed this study session, you can assess how well you have achieved its Learning Outcomes by answering these questions.
Name the four programme components of the OWNP, as described below:
- ………………, in which most beneficiaries depend on agriculture and cattle husbandry as their livelihoods.
- ………………, in which beneficiaries reside in areas where there are relatively better socio-economic infrastructure and service provision.
- ………………, in which schools and healthcare facilities are particularly focused.
- ………………, which is a cross-cutting intervention across the other three programme components.
Why do schools and healthcare facilities receive particular attention?
Focusing on schools aims to improve the health of school children and reduce absenteeism caused by sickness resulting from lack of WASH services in the school. As a result of better school WASH services, educational performance is improved. In addition, proper WASH services and related education in the school is a means to spread WASH-related messages to families and the wider community using students as ‘change agents’.
Similarly, the availability of WASH services in healthcare facilities significantly improves the quality of medical services and prevents infection and helps the healing process in patients. Moreover, the existence of proper WASH services in health facilities can be a good model for people visiting the health facility to adapt at home if they can.
Consider the component you identified in SAQ 6.2 part (a). What are the five implementation modalities for the water supply element of this component?
The implementation modalities for the rural water supply component are:
- Woreda-managed project (WMP) modality
- Community-managed project (CMP) modality
- NGO-managed modality
- Self-supply modality
- Multi-village water supply schemes.
Consider the component you identified in SAQ 6.2 part (b). What are the three categories of town within this component?
- Towns/cities having utilities managed by a Water Board
- Towns/cities having utilities but not managed by a Water Board
- Small towns with water supply systems managed by WASHCOs or towns without a water supply system at all.
Programme management and capacity building is one of the four components of OWNP. How would you describe its role in the programme implementation process?
Programme management and capacity building are cross-cutting interventions that are applied to boost the implementation of the OWNP and consequently maximise the results in terms of quantity and quality. The actual activities in this component include, but are not limited to, supporting WASH organisations and implementing parties at all levels to help them to improve their skills and capacities. This can be achieved through the provision of training, equipment, and tools, and, where required, software used for various WASH undertakings.