Hygiene and Environmental Health Part 2 - Ethiopia (Full)
Topic outline
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Provision of Safe Drinking Water
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The public health importance of water
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For drinking
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For hygiene
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The hydrological cycle
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Criteria for satisfactory water
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Safe and acceptable
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Physically accessible
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Treatment of Drinking Water at Household and Community Level
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Waterborne diseases
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Household sand filter
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Cloth filtration
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Other filtration methods
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Solar disinfection
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Chemical disinfection methods
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Safe storage
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Large-scale water treatment
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Chlorination
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Community Drinking Water Source Protection
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Rainwater
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Surface water
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Water source identification
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Health and hygiene education
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Types of well
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Protection of well water from pollution and contamination
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Spring source protection
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Sanitary Survey of Drinking Water
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Water source (components, protection and condition)
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The use of water at home
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Vulnerability assessment at a water source
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Sanitary survey of wells
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Sanitary survey of springs
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Sanitary survey of rainwater collection and storage
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Water quality assessment
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Water Pollution and its Control
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Sources of water pollution
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Sediments and suspended solids
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Nutrients
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Biological pollutants
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Types of pollutant defined by their source
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Indicators of water pollution
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Streams and rivers
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Problems of using polluted water
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Control of water pollution
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Sampling procedure from a tap or pump outlet
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Sampling procedure from a watercourse or reservoir
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Sampling procedure from dug wells and similar sources
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Introduction to the Principles and Concepts of Waste Management
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Basic principles and concepts of waste management
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Liquid waste
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Solid waste
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Public health importance of waste management
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Liquid waste management
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Types and sources of liquid waste
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Human waste management
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Sullage management
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Industrial wastewater management
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Septic tanks
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Anaerobic biogas reactor
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Latrine Construction
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Types of latrine
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Pit latrine with slab
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Siting, designing and constructing a pit latrine
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Fossa Alterna – a double pit method
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Cistern flush toilet
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Pour-flush toilets
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Your role in latrine construction
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Latrine Utilisation – Changing Attitudes and Behaviour
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Benefits of hygiene and sanitation behaviour change
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Latrines
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Motivating people to change their behaviour
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Community motivation
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Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST)
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Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
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Sources and classification of solid waste
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Hazardous waste
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Onsite handling, storage and processing
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Reuse strategies
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Recovery strategies: recycling, composting and energy
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Final disposal: landfill, controlled tipping and burning
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Healthcare Waste Management
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Sources and classification of healthcare waste
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Public health importance of healthcare waste
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Segregation of healthcare waste
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Recycling and reuse of healthcare waste
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Use of safety boxes
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Waste storage
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Steam sterilisation (autoclaving)
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Incineration
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Final disposal: burial pits
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Prevention and control of risks to healthcare workers
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Planning and monitoring healthcare waste management