Antenatal Care Part 2
Topic outline
-
Providing Focused Antenatal Care (FANC)
-
Focused antenatal care: concepts and principles
-
Advantages of FANC
-
Failings of the traditional approach to antenatal care
-
Comparions of traditional and focused antenatal care
-
Important elements of FANC
-
The basic and specialised components of FANC
-
The first FANC visit
-
The second FANC visit
-
The third FANC visit
-
The fourth FANC visit
-
Normal birth preparedness
-
Birthing supplies the mother should prepare
-
Complication readiness and emergency planning
-
Causes of delay in getting emergency help
-
Making a referral
-
Health Promotion Issues During Pregnancy
-
Nutrition during pregnancy
-
Eating well
-
Talking to women about food
-
Eating well with little money
-
Food groups and their nutrients
-
The five most important vitamins and minerals
-
Hygiene during pregnancy
-
Living a healthy lifestyle
-
Immunization against tetanus
-
Benefits of early and exclusive breastfeeding
-
Unhealthy beliefs and practices about feeding newborns
-
General principles of early and exclusive breastfeeding
-
Postpartum family planning
-
Breastfeeding and contraception
-
Benefits of birth spacing
-
Counselling on Danger Symptoms
-
General principles of counselling the pregnant woman
-
What is special about counselling pregnant women?
-
What are the common danger symptoms during pregnancy?
-
Telling pregnant women about the danger symptoms
-
Advantages of husband/partner involvement in antenatal counselling
-
Checklist after each antenatal counselling session
-
Reduce Mother to Child Transmission of HIV
-
PMTCT of HIV in antenatal care
-
When does HIV transmission occur from mother to baby?
-
Risk factors that increase the risk of HIV transmission during pregnancy
-
PMTCT: core interventions
-
Antiretroviral prophylaxis (ARP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)
-
Routine HIV testing during pregnancy
-
Detecting HIV infection using blood tests
-
Opt-in and opt-out approaches
-
Counselling women who refuse HIV testing
-
Discussing HIV test results: post-test counselling
-
Post-test counselling for HIV-positive pregnant women
-
Post-test counselling for HIV-negative pregnant women
-
Checklist for HIV testing and counselling during the antenatal period
-
Additional care for the HIV-positive woman during pregnancy
-
-
Premature rupture of membranes
-
Classifications of PROM
-
Risk factors for PROM
-
Infection can cause PROM
-
Malpresentation of the fetus
-
Multiple pregnancy and excess amniotic fluid
-
Cervical incompetence
-
Trauma to the abdomen
-
Diagnosis of PROM
-
Complications of PROM
-
Infection after PROM
-
Cord prolapse
-
Fetal hypoxia and asphyxia
-
Preterm labour
-
Deformity of fetal limbs
-
Actions in a case of PROM
-
When should you conduct the delivery before referral?
-
When should you refer before conducting the delivery?
-
Common Medical Disorders in Pregnancy
-
Malaria in pregnancy
-
Anaemia in pregnancy
-
Prevention of anaemia in pregnancy
-
Urinary tract infections
-
Prevention of UTIs
-
Diagnosing UTIs
-
Treating a bladder infection
-
In conclusion
-
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
-
How does hypertension affect pregnancy?
-
Effects on blood vessels and body fluids
-
Effects of maternal hypertension on the fetus
-
Common complications of severe pre-eclampsia for the mother
-
Summarising maternal and fetal complications of severe pre-eclampsia
-
Classification of hypertension during pregnancy
-
Classification of pre-eclampsia
-
Diagnostic signs of eclampsia
-
Risk factors for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia
-
Clinical features of severe pre-eclampsia.
-
Headache
-
Blurred vision/visual disturbance
-
Epigastric pain
-
Decreased urine output
-
Decreased or absent fetal kick
-
Generalised (pathologic) oedema
-
Clinical features of eclampsia
-
Convulsions in eclampsia
-
What can you do if you diagnose a hypertensive disorder in a pregnant woman?
-
Actions if pre-eclampsia is not severe
-
Persuading affected women to go for medical treatment
-
Supportive pre-referral treatment for severe pre-eclampsia
-
Emergency referral for eclampsia
-
Abortion and other Causes of Early Pregnancy Bleeding
-
What is early pregnancy bleeding?
-
Spontaneous abortion
-
Induced abortion
-
Clinical classification of abortion
-
Methods of provision of abortion
-
Goals of the post-abortion service
-
Important messages for women after a spontaneous or induced abortion
-
Follow-up care after an abortion
-
Pre-referral treatment in an emergency
-
Other causes of early pregnancy bleeding
-
Ectopic pregnancy
-
Molar pregnancy
-
Post-abortion family planning
-
When to start family planning
-
Late Pregnancy Bleeding
-
What causes late pregnancy bleeding?
-
Haemorrhagic shock
-
Acute renal failure
-
Heart failure
-
Placenta previa
-
Ruptured uterus
-
What to do for a woman with late pregnancy bleeding
-
Starting IV Fluid Therapy and Catheterising the Pregnant Woman
-
When to start IV fluid therapy
-
Setting up the IV fluid therapy equipment
-
Sterile techniques for IV fluid therapy
-
Selecting the IV cannula
-
Selecting the venipuncture site
-
Inserting the IV cannula
-
Monitoring during IV therapy
-
Establishing a monitoring routine
-
When to stop IV infusion
-
Bladder catheterisation
-
Steps in the catheterisation procedure
-
General care for the catheterised person
-
Removing the catheter