Non-Communicable Diseases, Emergency Care and Mental Health Part 1
Topic outline
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Cardiovascular Diseases
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Function and composition of blood
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Blood cells and plasma
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Anatomy and physiology of the heart
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The circulation of blood
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The heartbeat
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The blood vessels
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The pulse
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Blood pressure (BP)
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What are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)?
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What are the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases?
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Heart failure
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Hypertension (high blood pressure)
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Community approaches to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases
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Action by individuals
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Action at national and community level
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Dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH)
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Mental health and chronic illness
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Diabetes Mellitus
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What is diabetes mellitus?
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How the body regulates blood glucose levels
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Hormones in glucose regulation
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The pancreas
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Insulin and its role in glucose regulation
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Glucagon
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Digestion of the main food groups
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The liver in glucose regulation
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The muscles in glucose regulation
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Fats and diabetes
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Symptoms and signs of diabetes
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Classification of diabetes
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Type 1 diabetes
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Type 2 diabetes
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Gestational diabetes
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Injecting insulin
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Risk factors for diabetes
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
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Self-care and diet for someone with diabetes
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Maintaining a healthy diet
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Cancers
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Cells and cancer
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What is a cancer?
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The human body and cancer
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Problems in diagnosing cancers from their symptoms
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Risk factors for cancers
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Cancer prevention through risk reduction strategies
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Prevention of cancers caused by viruses
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Breast cancer
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Screening for breast cancer
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Breast cancer treatment
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Cervical cancer
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Care for a person with advanced cancer
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Bronchial Asthma
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The human respiratory system
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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The lungs in COPD
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Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
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Risk factors for COPD
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Effects of COPD on the patient’s life
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COPD screening at community level
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Prevention of COPD
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What is bronchial asthma?
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Cataracts, Eye and Ear Injuries
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Anatomy and function of the eye
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Eyelids and eyelashes
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Sclera and conjunctiva
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Cornea, iris and pupil
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Lens and aqueous humour
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Retina
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Cataracts
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Recognition of cataracts
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Classification and causes of cataract
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Prevention of cataracts
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Treatment of cataracts
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Eye injuries
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Causes and types of eye injuries
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Supportive care in the case of eye injury
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Trachoma
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Ear injuries due to foreign objects
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Oral Health
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The oral cavity and oral health
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The oral cavity
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Teeth
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Salivary glands
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Tongue
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Common oral diseases and their causes
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Bacterial, viral and fungal infections in the mouth
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Tooth decay
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Fluorosis
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Tooth abscesses, mouth ulcers and cold sores
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Eroded or broken teeth
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Oral cancer
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Cleft lip and cleft palate
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How can the burden of oral diseases be reduced?
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Injury-Related Emergencies and Supportive Care
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Acute injury and violence
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Bleeding
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External bleeding
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Internal bleeding
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Fractures
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Types of fractures
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Symptoms and signs of fractures
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Supportive care for a bone fracture
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Head and spinal injury
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Causes, signs and symptoms of head and spinal injuries
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Emergency care for someone with a head or spinal injury
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Burns injuries
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Common causes of burns
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Classification of burns
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Emergency care for people with serious burns
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Multiple injuries, emergency transport and referral
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