Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health
Topic outline
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Introduction to Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health
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Strategies for promoting the reproductive health of young people
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Protecting adolescent sexual and reproductive health
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Biological and psychosocial changes during adolescence
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Changes in thinking and reasoning (cognition)
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Physical changes
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Social and emotional changes
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Why adolescents are especially vulnerable to reproductive health risks
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Reproductive health rights of adolescents and young people
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Vulnerabilities, Risk-Taking Behaviours, and Life Skills
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Vulnerabilities
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Types of risk-taking behaviour and its consequences
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Psychological and behavioural concerns
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Life skills
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Types of life skills
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Unwanted pregnancy
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The extent of unwanted pregnancy
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Factors related to unwanted pregnancy
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The consequences of unwanted pregnancy
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Abortion
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Possible reasons for unsafe abortion
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Complications from unsafe abortion
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Post-abortion care
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Emergency treatment
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Post-abortion services
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Linkage to other reproductive health services
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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
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Why are young people at risk from sexually transmitted infections?
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Impact of STIs (including HIV) on young people
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STI prevention strategies for young people
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Young people with HIV
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Prevention of the HIV epidemic
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Who has a role in HIV prevention?
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Key HIV prevention strategies for young people that you can offer
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Harmful traditional practices (HTPs)
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Female genital mutilation (FGM)
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Early marriage
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Marriage by abduction
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Polygamy
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Intervention strategies to minimise and eliminate HTPs
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Gender Based Violence
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Gender related terminologies
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Gender-based violence
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Consequences of gender-based violence
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Barriers to reporting sexual violence
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Your role in preventing gender-based violence
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Care and support for survivors of sexual abuse
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Substance Abuse
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Alcohol
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Khat
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Tobacco and Cigarettes
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Cannabis (marijuana or hashish)
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Adverse consequences of substance abuse
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Reasons why young people take substances
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Your role in prevention of substance abuse among young people
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Contraceptive Options for Young People
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Health risks of early pregnancy
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Psychological and other consequences of early pregnancy for girls
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Psychological and other consequences of early pregnancy for boys
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Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
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Progestin-only pills (POPs)
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Depo-Provera (DMPA) injectable contraceptive
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Implants
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Intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs)
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Condoms
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Other female barrier methods (spermicides, cervical caps, diaphragms)
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Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)
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Female and male sterilisation
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Abstinence
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Review of emergency contraceptives (ECs)
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Some counselling issues of ECPs
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Counselling Young People
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The purpose of counselling young people
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General principles of counselling
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Feelings of the young
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Attitudes likely to promote trust
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Behaviour likely to promote trust: non-verbal communication
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Behaviour likely to promote trust: practical arrangements
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Challenges in counselling young people
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Silence
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Crying
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Threat of suicide
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The need to talk
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Communicating with and counselling young people about sexual issues
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Adolescent- and Youth-Friendly Reproductive Health
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Characteristics of adolescent-and youth-friendly reproductive health services
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Services to be provided in adolescent- and youth-friendly services
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Barriers to utilisation of RH services for young people
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Your roles in addressing these barriers to RH service utilisation
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Establishing good rapport with young people
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Taking the history of the young person’s problems
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Doing physical examinations
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Care During Pregnancy, Labour, and the Postnatal Period
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Care for young women during pregnancy
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Physical and emotional needs of adolescents during labour and delivery
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Your role in caring for young women during labour
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Care during the postpartum period
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Needs of young women during the postpartum period
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Your role in addressing the needs of young mothers during the postpartum period
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What young parents feel and need
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Supporting young mothers to choose breastfeeding and succeed
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Promoting adolescent and youth reproductive health
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Health promotion in schools
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Peer education programme
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Family life education
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Community Conversation
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Girls and boys aged 10-14 years living with their parents
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Girls and boys aged 15-19 years
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Young people aged 20-24 years
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Orphans and other vulnerable adolescents aged 10-19 years
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Adolescent and Reproductive Health Programme Management
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Calculating the size of your target group
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Calculating AYRH service coverage
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Organising adolescent and youth friendly RH services
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Organising school based AYRH programmes
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Organising household and community level AYRH Programmes